Menopause: managing the change

What happens

Menopause is when periods stop for 12 months, usually between the ages of 45 and 55. In the years before, periods may become irregular.

Common symptoms

• Hot flushes and night sweats
• Trouble sleeping
• Mood changes
• Vaginal dryness and discomfort during sex
• Needing to pass urine more often

What helps

Regular exercise, a balanced diet, limiting caffeine and alcohol, and dressing in layers can reduce symptoms. Some women benefit from hormone therapy or other medicines — discuss the benefits and risks with your doctor.

Protect your bones and heart

After menopause, bone loss and heart disease risk increase. Stay active, get enough calcium and vitamin D, and check your blood pressure.

Bleeding after menopause

Any vaginal bleeding after menopause needs prompt assessment.